5 of the Most Famous Telegrams in History

  • Delivering a telegram
Delivering a telegram
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Although it still exists, the telegraph has been all but forgotten in a world dominated by instant digital messaging, relegated to the archives of 20th-century institutions alongside the corner phone booth and the horse and buggy. Yet there was a time when this form of communication was the best and most efficient way to deliver a message across significant distances. Western Union, the largest provider of the service, logged more than 200 million telegrams sent in its peak year of 1929.

Given the telegraph’s popularity, it’s not surprising that numerous important messages from the past two centuries traveled by way of telegram, some of which inspired notable changes to global events while others provided appropriate commentary to historic moments as they unfurled. Here are five such transmissions that have proved to possess staying power even as the technology that provided them has largely been pushed aside.

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Samuel Morse’s Test Message From the U.S. Capitol

On May 24, 1844, some 12 years after he set about devising a way to transmit information by way of an electrical current, Samuel F.B. Morse prepared to showcase his perfected invention before an influential audience in the U.S. Capitol. Morse transmitted the words “What hath God wrought” — a message inspired by the Bible, suggested by the patent commissioner’s daughter — over a copper wire that followed the B&O Railroad line nearly 40 miles to a Baltimore station. There, his assistant Alfred Vail received the message and replied with the same phrase from a second machine. 

This wasn’t the first example of a working telegraph. Inventors William F. Cooke and Charles Wheatstone had unveiled their version in the United Kingdom in 1837, and Morse and his team had previously conducted demonstrations across shorter distances. However, this particular showing, colored by a message hinting at divine intervention, has endured as the impetus for the rapid spread of this novel communication system over the following decade.

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Why Do We Throw Rice at Weddings?

  • Rice thrown at wedding, 1952
Rice thrown at wedding, 1952
Credit: Al Moldvay/ Denver Post via Getty Images

If you’ve been to a few weddings, you probably know the flow by now: the vows, the kiss, and then the party, with a few time-honored traditions woven in. One of the most iconic rituals? Guests showering the newlyweds with rice as they make their grand exit. It’s a festive moment and makes for a great photo — but have you ever stopped to wonder where this tradition comes from?

What may seem like a simple gesture is actually rooted in centuries of symbolism. That tiny grain of rice carries big meaning, representing fertility, abundance, and good fortune — and the practice shows up in different forms across cultures and eras. Let’s take a look at how rice-throwing became a wedding classic, and why grain-tossing rituals have endured through the centuries.

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Grains Were Linked to Ancient Fertility 

In ancient agricultural societies, fertility wasn’t just desirable — it was vital to both survival and spiritual life. Ensuring crops grew, families expanded, and communities thrived depended on a close relationship with the natural world. People believed that calling on the natural crop cycles — planting, harvest, and renewal — during a marriage could help ensure the couple’s future would be equally productive. Showering newlyweds with grains was a symbolic way of welcoming the life-giving forces of nature into the new union.

Among early cultures such as the Celts and Mesopotamians, native grains including wheat and barley were considered sacred symbols of abundance and growth. These grains played a role in wedding ceremonies as offerings to spirits or deities associated with fertility and harvest. In some traditions, they were thrown at the bride and groom to bless them with children and prosperity. The act of tossing grain physically reinforced the hope that their marriage would be as fruitful as a well-tended field.

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Why Do We Have Summer Vacation?

  • Children lounging in field
Children lounging in field
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Summer vacation has been an integral part of American family life for more than a hundred years. This season of leisure is primarily due to one thing: School’s out. But why is there no school in summer? You may assume it’s a holdover from the country’s agrarian days, when children were required to help out on the family farm. But the summer vacation we know today actually had more to do with urban health concerns and public policy than with hay bales or cornfields. Here’s a look at the origin of summer vacation.

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The Days of Sporadic Schooling

In the early 1800s, there was nothing even close to a standard school calendar in the United States. Communities ran schools as best suited their needs or abilities, leading to a very loose patchwork of local schedules. Rural schools were typically open in winter and summer in order to accommodate busy farm seasons that required planting in the spring and harvesting in the fall. (That said, even in the summertime there was plenty of farm work to do, and school attendance was often low.) City schools worked differently. Many operated almost year-round, taking only a short break each quarter. And the inconsistencies didn’t end there: Even within a single county, schools were extremely localized and their operational calendars could be starkly different.

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7 Types of Furniture You Never See Anymore

  • Woman on a chaise longue, 1800
Woman on a chaise longue, 1800
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Furniture isn’t just about form and function — it’s a reflection of how we live. As technology evolves and lifestyles shift, pieces that were once considered household essentials can quietly fade into obscurity. From furniture designed around now-outdated technology to those that catered to social customs of another era, many former decor staples have all but disappeared from modern homes. 

If you’ve ever tried to fit a heavy television into a hulking TV cabinet or spent an hour at the “gossip bench” catching up with an old friend, you’re not alone. These once-popular furnishings tell the story of how we used to live. A few may linger in basements, guest rooms, or antique shops, quietly reminding us of how much things have changed. Here are seven kinds of furniture that were once common but are now rarely seen. How many have you owned?

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Waterbeds

Popular in the 1970s and ’80s, waterbeds promised a futuristic sleep experience with their wavelike motion and adjustable temperature. Though patented in California in the late 1960s, the concept had already rippled through science fiction — sci-fi author Robert Heinlein described similar beds in his novels years earlier, imagining them as ideal for both comfort and hygiene.

Once marketed as both cutting-edge and sexy, waterbeds quickly gained popularity, peaking in 1987 when they accounted for nearly 20% of all mattress sales in the U.S. One memorable slogan captured the era’s enthusiasm: “Two things are better on a waterbed. One of them is sleep.” But the charm faded as waterbeds’ drawbacks mounted: heavy frames, tricky maintenance, awkward moves, and a constant risk of leaks. Though rarely seen today, waterbeds remain a quirky relic of a bygone era — a ripple in sleep history that once made big waves.

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7 Major Historical Events That Happened in June

  • Sally Ride in space, 1983
Sally Ride in space, 1983
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For those who live in the Northern Hemisphere, there’s something about the culmination of ever-warming weather, the full ripening of foliage, and the seemingly endless daylight hours that makes June a magical time of year. And while many of us harbor fond recollections of beachfront jaunts or backyard games that took place as spring swept into summer, June also comes with a collective well of memories that transpired within its 30-day span.

Here are seven historical events from Junes of both recent vintage and centuries past. From crucial battles to transformative treaties and political scandals, each has stood the test of time as a major checkpoint of the shared human experience.

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June 15, 1215: King John Affixes His Seal to the Magna Carta

King John’s ascent to the English throne in 1199 seemingly brought nothing but trouble for the monarch, who subsequently lost control of several French territories, was excommunicated by Pope Innocent III, and faced an uprising from powerful barons who chafed at high taxes. Seeking to at least pacify the barons, John agreed to a series of terms that provided specific limits on the king’s power over matters of land ownership, debts, and the election of church officials, signing the agreement on June 15, 1215. 

Although peace between the two sides was short-lived, the charter was revised and reissued multiple times over the years, and the 1225 version of what is now known as the Magna Carta is recognized as the definitive issue. And while it was never intended to define the course of human rights beyond the immediate feudal concerns, the document did exactly that with its clauses that guaranteed basic liberties and justice for citizens, words that later influenced the United States Declaration of Independence and Constitution.

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Why Do Old Towns Have Clock Towers?

  • Big Ben, London, circa 1928
Big Ben, London, circa 1928
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Strolling through an old European city or colonial American village, one structure often draws the eye before anything else: the clock tower. Often reaching high above rooftops and marketplaces, these architectural timekeepers have marked the passage of hours for centuries. While we no longer rely on them to schedule our days, their presence is more than nostalgic — it’s deeply symbolic. 

Clock towers connect us to an era when time was a shared resource, when clocks were heard on the hour (and sometimes on the half-hour and quarter-hour) and seen from nearly every corner of a town center. Today, they stand as reminders of our shared past and of the beauty in building something meant to last.

From the animated figures of Munich’s Rathaus-Glockenspiel to the precision of Kyoto’s Seiko House Ginza clock tower to the somber chimes of Big Ben echoing through Parliament Square, these landmarks remind us that time isn’t just about minutes and hours, but also about memory, identity, and connection.

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Clock Towers Were Built To Showcase Civic Pride 

Having a clock tower was once a mark of prestige for towns and cities. In the Middle Ages and Renaissance era, public clocks symbolized a town’s wealth, technological abilities, and political status. These structures weren’t just functional — they were an architectural flex, built to impress both residents and visitors. The Zytglogge in Bern, Switzerland, is a good example. Originally constructed in the 13th century as a guard tower, it later became a grand astronomical clock, with rotating figures and intricate dials that still attract tourists to marvel at its construction.

Meanwhile, Venice’s Torre dell’Orologio, built in the 15th century, has a blue and gold astronomical face and two bronze figures striking the bell to reflect Venetian wealth and creativity. In the Middle East, the Ottoman-era Jaffa Clock Tower in modern-day Tel Aviv was one of several clock towers built to celebrate the 25th anniversary of Sultan Abdul Hamid II’s reign. Completed in 1903, it combined European clockmaking with local limestone and became a symbol of modernization in the region.

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What the World Smelled Like Before Industrialization

  • Farmyard in Britain, circa 1800s
Farmyard in Britain, circa 1800s
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Before the churn of factories and the tang of coal smoke came to dominate modern life during and after the Industrial Revolution, the smells of daily life were intensely organic, shaped by proximity to animals, bodies, plants, and decay. Urban and rural environments offered distinct olfactory experiences, but both were pungent, earthy, and changed with the seasons. 

Once industrialization and modern sanitation systems had taken hold in the industrialized world by the mid-1800s (following a transformation that lasted about a century), the smells of waste, sewage, manure, and other organic materials were significantly less common, even in rural areas. Changes in agriculture, the decline of small cottage industries, and advances in chemistry also pushed scents away from earthy and toward synthetic. But understanding these historical odors offers a visceral glimpse into how people once experienced the world — as they say, “the nose knows.” 

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What Preindustrial Cities Smelled Like

Before industrialization transformed cities in Britain and the U.S., urban areas were often crowded, unsanitary, and deeply aromatic environments. Unfortunately, some of the most dominant smells were related to waste, both human and animal.

In an era before modern plumbing, human waste flowed unchecked in waterways, pooled in cesspits, or was collected in “night soil” buckets to be used later as fertilizer. Open gutters often carried sewage and refuse, while heaps of offal and carts of dung were common sights — and smells — on city streets.

Animals were also a major contributor to the aromatic landscape, such as it was. Horses were ubiquitous in cities, and their manure (and occasional carcasses) filled the air with ammonia and other not-so-pleasant smells. In New York City there were 10,000 horses by 1835, each producing 15 to 30 pounds of manure and a quart of urine. In her book Taming Manhattan: Environmental Battles in the Antebellum City, historian Catherine McNeur describes how rotten food and dead animals mixed with “enormous piles of manure to create a stench particularly offensive” in the heat of a New York summer.

Meanwhile, in England, the River Thames served as a dumping ground for sewage, emitting overpowering odors that were also especially ripe in the summer. As in America, streets were littered with horse manure, and industries such as tanneries and slaughterhouses contributed to the pervasive foul smells.​

In fact, urban centers on both sides of the Atlantic were full of small-scale trades and markets — tanners, butchers, fishmongers — each adding their own pungency. Tanning leather required soaking hides in urine and lime, producing a rank, acrid scent. Butcher shops dumped blood and offal into gutters. In the U.S., industries such as slaughterhouses and leather tanners were called the “offensive trades” because of how they offended the nose, according to historian Melanie Kiechle.

Street vendors contributed too: Roasting chestnuts, boiling tripe, and frying fish could be welcome or foul scents, depending on your appetite and the weather.

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How Is a New Pope Chosen?

  • Voting for pope, 1903
Voting for pope, 1903
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On March 13, 2013, the former Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio, archbishop of Buenos Aires, Argentina, appeared for the first time as Pope Francis, the 266th head of the Roman Catholic Church. Following his death on April 21, 2025, the church turned once again to an ancient tradition that’s been in place for centuries: the election of a new pope.

There were some novelties associated with Pope Francis’ ascension to Bishop of Rome: He was the first pope from the Americas, as well as the first to assume the name of Francis. He was also the rare pope to take charge while his predecessor was still alive, after an aging Benedict XVI became the first pontiff in nearly 600 years to voluntarily resign.

But for all the unusual components of his particular case, Francis’ assumption of the papacy still adhered to the traditions of the church — some that are relatively new and others that have been faithfully followed for centuries. Here’s a look at exactly how the Catholic Church elects a new pope.

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The Process of Voting Began in the Middle Ages

The origins of papal elections are a little murky. Some evidence suggests that St. Peter, generally considered the first pope, designated a group of two dozen priests and deacons to name his successor. Other sources say that the second pope, Linus, was elected from a pool of neighboring bishops and the Roman clergy.

After Roman Emperor Constantine I legitimized the spread of Christianity in Rome in the early fourth century, subsequent generations of European monarchs sought to influence control over the increasingly influential post of bishop of Rome. This was exemplified by the actions of the Holy Roman Emperors Otto III and Henry III, who installed a combined half-dozen popes during their respective reigns in the late 10th and mid-11th centuries.

The first step toward the modern voting process came in 1059, when Pope Nicholas II decreed that only cardinal-bishops would be allowed to select a pope. Another major change came in 1274, when Pope Gregory X codified the “conclave” system that required voters to be sequestered until a new pope was chosen — a system still used today.

Later pontiffs continued to modify the rules as they saw fit. In 1970, Pope Paul VI determined that only cardinals below the age of 80 were eligible to vote, and in 1975, he established a maximum number of electors at 120. 

While some form of a two-thirds voting majority has been required since 1179, Pope John Paul II decreed in 1996 that the winner could be determined by a simple majority after about 12 or 13 days of deadlocked voting. His successor, Benedict XVI, reintroduced the full two-thirds vote to prevent blocs from holding on to a 50% majority until the time when that percentage would be enough to decide the election.

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5 Photos From Greenwich Village in the 1960s

  • Folk musicians in NYC, 1961
Folk musicians in NYC, 1961
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In the 1960s, New York City’s Greenwich Village — the Manhattan neighborhood located roughly between Houston and 14th streets, from the Hudson River to Broadway — was a hub of American counterculture. Once an upscale residential area in the 1800s, the neighborhood had changed by the early 20th century as low-income tenement houses drove its wealthy residents to other parts of the city. 

At the same time, the Village’s central location and low rents started attracting artists, writers, and bohemians from across the country. A community of creativity and political activism flourished in the local coffeehouses, and the neighborhood became a hub of the folk music, protests, and free-spirited style that came to define the 1960s counterculture. These photos are but a small glimpse into the people, places, and moments that made the Greenwich Village scene so iconic.

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The Gaslight

MacDougal Street may well be the place that best captures the essence of 1960s Greenwich Village. Though just a few blocks long, the strip was home to a dense collection of coffeehouses and clubs that launched some of the best-known artists of the decade and beyond. Among its most revered venues was the Gaslight Cafe. Opened as the Village Gaslight in 1958, the low-ceilinged former coal cellar originally hosted readings by influential Beat poets including Allen Ginsberg and Diane di Prima before evolving into a cornerstone of the folk scene. 

Getting a regular slot at the Gaslight meant earning the approval of insiders such as musician Dave Van Ronk, known as the “Mayor of MacDougal Street.” It also meant getting paid weekly. Though the space was far from glamorous, it was a launching pad for major talent, including Van Ronk, Len Chandler, and of course Bob Dylan, who, upon arriving in New York, said the Gaslight was the club he “wanted to play, needed to.” In 1966, the famed club even hosted Joni Mitchell’s first New York City performance.

Just steps away, Cafe Wha? built its own legacy as one of the first stages for artists such as Jimi Hendrix and Bruce Springsteen (and yes, Dylan, who performed there on his first day in NYC). Meanwhile, down the block, Gerde’s Folk City and the Cafe Au Go Go cemented the Village’s reputation as a hotbed of talent with regular performances from Pete Seeger, Emmylou Harris, Tim Buckley, Judy Collins, and many more. 

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5 Hidden Treasures That Actually Exist 

  • Fabergé egg, 1912
Fabergé egg, 1912
Credit: Ian Dagnall/ Alamy Stock Photo

It’s hard to surpass the romance and adventure embodied by hidden treasure. The allure of lost riches has lived with us throughout human history, and the interest in such fables has never wavered — hence the enduring popularity of fictional works such as Robert Louis Stevenson’s Treasure Island and, more recently, the Indiana Jones movies. 

Unlike many legendary troves — such as Montezuma’s treasure, which has fired the imagination of treasure hunters for centuries, despite little evidence as to its actual existence — some hidden riches are known to be very real, but their whereabouts are now tantalizingly lost. Here are five of these lost treasures, all of which continue to inspire treasure hunters and historians alike in their ongoing quests for discovery and long-lost riches.

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Lost Fabergé Imperial Eggs

Few things in life are more jaw-droppingly lavish than Fabergé eggs, ornate decorations commissioned by Russian tsars and created by the jewelry company House of Fabergé between 1885 and 1917. The most well known and extravagant are the Imperial eggs, of which 50 were created but only 44 are known to have survived. 

The most recent discovery came to light in 2011, when the long-lost Third Imperial Egg was accidentally discovered in an American flea market. It later sold for an undisclosed amount in 2014 after being valued at $33 million

After the start of the Russian Revolution in 1917, the Bolsheviks ransacked and looted the imperial family’s palace and nationalized the House of Fabergé, and some of the Imperial eggs were lost. Researchers believe that as many as five Imperial eggs have been destroyed, but there’s still a chance that at least one Imperial egg is out there waiting to be found. 

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