Tinsel used to be made out of real metal.
Once upon a time, no Christmas tree was complete without a healthy coating of tinsel hanging from the boughs. Those shimmering threads are less common now, though far from gone — especially in households that like an extra touch of sparkly holiday magic. But today’s tinsel, which is usually made of PVC plastic, has a different look and feel than vintage varieties, which were made of real metal. Before you go scouring antique malls looking for a little Christmas cheer, however, know that older tinsel isn’t always better, because sometimes, that metal was lead.
Tinsel made of tin-laminated brass or silver-plated copper began gracing Christmas trees in wealthy American homes in the late 19th century. At the turn of the 20th century, mass production drove the price down and made the decoration accessible to more households. Lyon, France, was a tinsel manufacturing powerhouse, but factories struggled to keep up with U.S. demand due to metal rationing during World War I.
Lead became a popular material for tinsel after a German company received a patent for lead tinsel in 1904, and American companies followed suit. (At the time, the United States was the world’s largest producer and consumer of refined lead.) It remained popular for decades, so much so that tinsel was sometimes referred to as “lead icicles.” Scientists already knew that lead could be toxic, but activism in the 1970s started drawing attention to the hazards the substance posed to children, and the FDA pulled lead tinsel from the market in 1972. Luckily, a Dow Chemical engineer had patented an iridescent plastic tinsel in 1969, so a replacement was already waiting in the wings.
